LVM Guide · 3 min read · Oct 08, 2025

Guida per principianti a LVM - Pagina 3

Fino ad ora abbiamo tre volumi logici, ma non abbiamo alcun filesystem in essi, e senza un filesystem non possiamo salvare nulla in essi. Pertanto, creiamo un filesystem ext3 in share, un filesystem xfs in backup e un filesystem reiserfs in media:

mkfs.ext3 /dev/fileserver/share
server1:~# mkfs.ext3 /dev/fileserver/share  
 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006)  
 Filesystem label=  
 OS type: Linux  
 Block size=4096 (log=2)  
 Fragment size=4096 (log=2)  
 5242880 inodes, 10485760 blocks  
 524288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user  
 First data block=0  
 Maximum filesystem blocks=0  
 320 block groups  
 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group  
 16384 inodes per group  
 Superblock backups stored on blocks:  
         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,  
         4096000, 7962624  
 
 Writing inode tables: done  
 Creating journal (32768 blocks): done  
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  
 
 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or  
 180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mkfs.xfs /dev/fileserver/backup
server1:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/fileserver/backup  
 meta-data=/dev/fileserver/backup isize=256    agcount=8, agsize=163840 blks  
                =                       sectsz=512   attr=0  
 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25  
                =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks, unwritten=1  
 naming   =version 2              bsize=4096  
 log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=1  
                =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks  
 realtime =none                   extsz=65536  blocks=0, rtextents=0
mkfs.reiserfs /dev/fileserver/media
server1:~# mkfs.reiserfs /dev/fileserver/media  
 mkfs.reiserfs 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com)  
 
 A pair of credits:  
 Alexander Lyamin keeps our hardware running, and was very generous to our  
 project in many little ways.  
 
 Chris Mason wrote the journaling code for V3, which was enormously more useful  
 to users than just waiting until we could create a wandering log filesystem as  
 Hans would have unwisely done without him.  
 Jeff Mahoney optimized the bitmap scanning code for V3, and performed the big  
 endian cleanups.  
 
 
 Guessing about desired format.. Kernel 2.6.17-2-486 is running.  
 Format 3.6 with standard journal  
 Count of blocks on the device: 262144  
 Number of blocks consumed by mkreiserfs formatting process: 8219  
 Blocksize: 4096  
 Hash function used to sort names: "r5"  
 Journal Size 8193 blocks (first block 18)  
 Journal Max transaction length 1024  
 inode generation number: 0  
 UUID: 2bebf750-6e05-47b2-99b6-916fa7ea5398  
 ATTENZIONE: DOVRESTE RIAVVIARE DOPO FDISK!  
         TUTTI I DATI SARANNO PERDUTI SU '/dev/fileserver/media'!  
 Continuare (y/n):y  
 Initializing journal - 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100%  
 Syncing..ok  
 
 Dite ai vostri amici di usare un kernel basato su 2.4.18 o successivo, e  
 specialmente non un kernel basato su 2.4.9, quando usate reiserFS. Divertitevi.  
 
 ReiserFS è stato creato con successo su /dev/fileserver/media.

Ora siamo pronti per montare i nostri volumi logici. Voglio montare share in /var/share, backup in /var/backup e media in /var/media, quindi dobbiamo prima creare queste directory:

mkdir /var/media /var/backup /var/share

Ora possiamo montare i nostri volumi logici:

mount /dev/fileserver/share /var/share  
 mount /dev/fileserver/backup /var/backup  
 mount /dev/fileserver/media /var/media

Ora esegui

df -h

Dovresti vedere i tuoi volumi logici nell’output:

server1:~# df -h  
 Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
 /dev/sda2              19G  665M   17G   4% /  
 tmpfs                  78M     0   78M   0% /lib/init/rw  
 udev                   10M   88K   10M   1% /dev  
 tmpfs                  78M     0   78M   0% /dev/shm  
 /dev/sda1             137M   17M  114M  13% /boot  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-share  
                     40G  177M   38G   1% /var/share  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-backup  
                     5.0G  144K  5.0G   1% /var/backup  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-media  
                     1.0G   33M  992M   4% /var/media

Congratulazioni, hai appena configurato il tuo primo sistema LVM! Ora puoi scrivere e leggere da /var/share, /var/backup e /var/media come al solito.

Abbiamo montato i nostri volumi logici manualmente, ma ovviamente ci piacerebbe che fossero montati automaticamente all’avvio del sistema. Pertanto, modifichiamo /etc/fstab:

mv /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_orig  
 cat /dev/null > /etc/fstab
vi /etc/fstab

Metti il seguente contenuto:

| # /etc/fstab: informazioni statiche sul filesystem. # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sda2 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fileserver/share /var/share ext3 rw,noatime 0 0 /dev/fileserver/backup /var/backup xfs rw,noatime 0 0 /dev/fileserver/media /var/media reiserfs rw,noatime 0 0 |

Se lo confronti con il nostro backup del file originale, /etc/fstab_orig, noterai che abbiamo aggiunto le righe:

/dev/fileserver/share   /var/share     ext3       rw,noatime    0 0  
 /dev/fileserver/backup    /var/backup      xfs        rw,noatime    0 0  
 /dev/fileserver/media    /var/media      reiserfs   rw,noatime    0 0

Ora riavviamo il sistema:

shutdown -r now

Dopo che il sistema è ripartito, esegui di nuovo

df -h

dovrebbe ancora mostrare i nostri volumi logici nell’output:

server1:~# df -h  
 Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
 /dev/sda2              19G  665M   17G   4% /  
 tmpfs                  78M     0   78M   0% /lib/init/rw  
 udev                   10M   88K   10M   1% /dev  
 tmpfs                  78M     0   78M   0% /dev/shm  
 /dev/sda1             137M   17M  114M  13% /boot  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-share  
                     40G  177M   38G   1% /var/share  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-backup  
                     5.0G  144K  5.0G   1% /var/backup  
 /dev/mapper/fileserver-media  
                     1.0G   33M  992M   4% /var/media
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