Ubuntu 22.04にNginxとElasticsearchを使用してMagento eCommerceをインストールする方法

$ sudo ufw status

Status: inactive

$ sudo ufw allow OpenSSH

$ sudo ufw allow http
$ sudo ufw allow https

$ sudo ufw enable
コマンドは既存のssh接続を中断する可能性があります。操作を続行しますか（y|n）？ y
ファイアウォールはアクティブで、システム起動時に有効になります

$ sudo ufw status

Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
OpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere
80/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere
443                        ALLOW       Anywhere
OpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
443 (v6)                   ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

$ sudo apt install php8.2-fpm php8.2-mysql php8.2-bcmath php8.2-xml php8.2-zip php8.2-curl php8.2-mbstring php8.2-gd php8.2-tidy php8.2-intl php8.2-cli php8.2-soap php8.2-xsl libsodium-dev libsodium23 libssl-dev libcurl14-openssl-dev

$ php --version
PHP 8.2.5 (cli) (built: Apr 14 2023 04:27:02) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.5, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.5, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

$ php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
$ php composer-setup.php --2.2
$ php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

$ sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

$ composer --version
Composer version 2.2.21 2023-02-15 13:07:40

$ sudo apt install mysql-server

$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))

$ sudo mysql

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'YourPassword12!';

mysql> exit

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:

VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW    Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

All done!

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

mysql> CREATE DATABASE magento;

mysql> CREATE USER 'magentouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Your_password2';

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magentouser'@'localhost';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> exit

$ curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor \
| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null

$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] \
http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \
| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list

$ sudo apt update

$ sudo apt install nginx

$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0

$ sudo systemctl start nginx

$ sudo snap install core && sudo snap refresh core

$ sudo snap install --classic certbot

$ sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot

$ sudo certbot certonly --nginx --agree-tos --no-eff-email --staple-ocsp --preferred-challenges http -m [email protected] -d magento.example.com

$ sudo openssl dhparam -dsaparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 4096

$ sudo systemctl list-timers

NEXT                        LEFT          LAST                        PASSED        UNIT                      ACTIVATES
.....
Sun 2023-02-26 06:32:00 UTC 9h left       Sat 2023-02-25 18:04:05 UTC 2h 59min ago  snap.certbot.renew.timer  snap.certbot.renew.service
Sun 2023-02-26 06:43:20 UTC 9h left       Sat 2023-02-25 10:49:23 UTC 10h ago       apt-daily-upgrade.timer   apt-daily-upgrade.service
Sun 2023-02-26 09:00:06 UTC 11h left      Sat 2023-02-25 20:58:06 UTC 5min ago      apt-daily.timer           apt-daily.service

$ sudo certbot renew --dry-run

$ wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg

$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg] https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list

$ sudo apt update

$ sudo apt install elasticsearch

$ sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options.d/memory.options

-Xms1g
-Xmx1g

$ sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch --now

$ curl http://localhost:9200

{
  "name" : "magento",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "6yks8tZ6T4GskIwWoXuSLA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.17.10",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "deb",
    "build_hash" : "fecd68e3150eda0c307ab9a9d7557f5d5fd71349",
    "build_date" : "2023-04-23T05:33:18.138275597Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.11.1",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

$ curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg

$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list

$ sudo apt update

$ sudo apt install redis

$ redis-server -v
Redis server v=7.0.11 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-5.2.1 bits=64 build=3af367a78d5e21e9

$ redis-cli

127.0.0.1:6379> acl setuser default >Your_Redis_Password

127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH Your_Redis_Password
OK

127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG

$ sudo mkdir /var/www/magento -p

$ sudo chown $USER:$USER /var/www/magento/ -R

$ cd /var/www

$ composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition magento

Creating a "magento/project-community-edition" project at "./magento"
    Authentication required (repo.magento.com):
      Username: 53211xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
      Password:
Do you want to store credentials for repo.magento.com in /home/navjot/.config/composer/auth.json ? [Yn] y
Installing magento/project-community-edition (2.4.6)
  - Downloading magento/project-community-edition (2.4.6)
  - Installing magento/project-community-edition (2.4.6): Extracting archive
Created project in /var/www/magento
Loading composer repositories with package information
Info from https://repo.packagist.org: #StandWithUkraine
Updating dependencies
Lock file operations: 564 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Locking 2tvenom/cborencode (1.0.2)
  - Locking adobe-commerce/adobe-ims-metapackage (2.2.0)
...............................................

$ cd /var/www/magento/
$ sudo find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
$ sudo find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
$ sudo chown -R :nginx .
$ sudo chmod u+x bin/magento

$ cd /var/www/magento

$ bin/magento setup:install \
--base-url=http://magento.example.com \
--use-secure=1 \
--base-url-secure=https://magento.example.com \
--use-secure-admin=1 \
--db-host=localhost \
--db-name=magento \
--db-user=magentouser \
--db-password=Your_password2 \
--admin-firstname=Navjot \
--admin-lastname=Singh \
[email protected] \
--admin-user=navjot \
--admin-password=admin_password \
--language=en_US \
--currency=USD \
--timezone=America/Chicago \
--use-rewrites=1 \
--elasticsearch-host=http://127.0.0.1 \
--elasticsearch-port=9200 \
--session-save=redis \
--session-save-redis-db=0 \
--session-save-redis-password=redis_password \
--cache-backend=redis \
--cache-backend-redis-db=2 \
--cache-backend-redis-password=redis_password \
--page-cache=redis \
--page-cache-redis-db=4 \
--page-cache-redis-password=redis_password

.......
[SUCCESS]: Magento installation complete.
[SUCCESS]: Magento Admin URI: /admin_19uadb
Nothing to import.

$ php bin/magento cron:install

$ crontab -l

#~ MAGENTO START d1957f62aa710cc367525c9ec68dd7456d4311756b5aa37d2143c4a98b25318c
* * * * * /usr/bin/php8.2 /var/www/magento/bin/magento cron:run 2>&1 | grep -v "Ran jobs by schedule" >> /var/www/magento/var/log/magento.cron.log
#~ MAGENTO END d1957f62aa710cc367525c9ec68dd7456d4311756b5aa37d2143c4a98b25318c

$ sudo nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

...
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
; RPM: apache user chosen to provide access to the same directories as httpd
user = nginx
; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
group = nginx
...

; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. The owner
; and group can be specified either by name or by their numeric IDs.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
;                 mode is set to 0660
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx

$ sudo sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 180/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
$ sudo sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 180/' /etc/php/8.2/cli/php.ini

$ sudo sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 256M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

$ sudo sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 25M/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
$ sudo sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 25M/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

$ sudo sed -i 's/zlib.output_compression = Off/zlib.output_compression = On/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

$ sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

$ sudo chgrp -R nginx /var/lib/php/sessions

$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

server_names_hash_bucket_size  64;

$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento.conf

upstream fastcgi_backend {
  server  unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}

server {
  # Redirect any http requests to https
  listen 80;
  listen [::]:80;
  server_name magento.example.com;
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
  server_name magento.example.com;

  set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/magento;
  include /var/www/magento/nginx.conf.sample;
  client_max_body_size 25m;

  access_log /var/log/nginx/magento.access.log;
  error_log  /var/log/nginx/magento.error.log;

  # TLS configuration
  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/magento.example.com/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/magento.example.com/privkey.pem;
  ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/magento.example.com/chain.pem;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;

  ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
  ssl_session_timeout 1d;

  # OCSP Stapling ---
  # fetch OCSP records from URL in ssl_certificate and cache them
  ssl_stapling on;
  ssl_stapling_verify on;
  ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
}

$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

$ cd /var/www/magento
$ php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f
$ php bin/magento indexer:reindex

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento module:disable Magento_AdminAdobeImsTwoFactorAuth
$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento module:disable Magento_TwoFactorAuth

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento setup:di:compile

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento c:c

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento info:adminuri
Admin URI: /admin_19uadb

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento c:c

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento module:enable Magento_AdminAdobeImsTwoFactorAuth
$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento module:enable Magento_TwoFactorAuth

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento setup:upgrade

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento setup:di:compile

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento c:c

$ php /var/www/magento/bin/magento setup:static-content:Deploy -f

$ cd /var/www/magento
$ sudo find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
$ sudo find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
$ sudo chown -R :nginx .